Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a cerebrovascular disease with a high mortality and disability rate. Its pathological mechanism is complex, and clinicalresearch faces challenges such as insufficient stability and low survival rate of animal models. This consensus systematically summarizes the limitations of traditional SAH animal models and proposes optimized modeling techniques, significantly improve model stability and reduce the mortality rate of experimental animals. At the same time, a multi-modal intracranial monitoring system is constructed by combining both multi-channel flexible sensors and 3D bioprinted scaffolds, achieving real-time dynamic monitoring of intracranial pressure, cerebral oxygen partial pressure, and brain electrical activity, promoting the regeneration and repair of cranial bone defects. The application of the new system provides a highly reliable platform for the analysis of SAH pathological mechanisms, the evaluation of new therapies, and the development of brain-computer interfaces. It is expected to promote the clinical transformation of brain-computer interface research results.

Objective To explore the impact of seamless management combined with procedural health education on the knowledge and complications related to peripheral venous catheterization (PICC) in patients with acute leukemia. Methods 62 patients with acute leukemia admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from March 2021 to September 2023 were selected and randomLy divided into two groups of 31 each using a random number table. The control group received routine intervention,while the observation group implemented seamless management throughout the process combined with procedural health education. Compare the mastery of PICC replacement related knowledge,negative emotions,complications,and quality of life between two groups. Results The observation group had a higher mastery of PICC catheterization related knowledge and a lower incidence of complications compared to the control group (P<0.05);Compare the negative emotions and quality of life between the two groups before intervention (P>0.05);After intervention,the scores of the Self Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,while the scores of each dimension in the WHO Quality of Life Inventory (WHOQOL-BREF) were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The seamless management of the entire process combined with procedural health education can improve the mastery of PICC catheterization related knowledge in patients with acute leukemia,reduce negative emotions,minimize complications,and improve their quality of life.

Objective To explore the superiority of CYP3A5*3 gene polymorphism detection in the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) with tacrolimus,and provide reference for personalized treatment of IMN patients. Methods 75 patients with IMN were included and divided into three groups based on CYP3A5*3genotype：AA,AG,and GG. All patients received tacrolimus treatment with an initial dose of 0. 05 mg/kg•d,twice daily,and the dose was adjusted based on blood drug concentration during the 6-month treatment period. The study simultaneously monitored the levels of urinary protein,plasma albumin,renal function indicators (urea nitrogen,serum creatinine),as well as the levels of inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-αin patients. Results After treatment,the total effective rates of AA,AG,and GG patients were 72%,88%,and 92%,respectively. The total effective rates of AG and GG patients were significantly higher than those of AA patients (P<0.05). After treatment,the 24-hour urinary protein,urea nitrogen,and serum creatinine levels of the three groups of patients significantly decreased compared to before treatment. Both AG and GG patients showed a significant decrease compared to AA patients (P<0.05). The plasma albumin,AST,and ALT levels of the three groups of patients significantly increased or decreased after treatment (P<0.05). The plasma albumin levels of AG and GG patients were significantly higher than those of AA patients (P<0.05),while the AST and ALT levels were significantly lower than those of AA patients (P<0.05). The levels of IL-6 and TNF - α in AG and GG patients were significantly reduced compared to before treatment,and were significantly lower than those in the AA group（P<0.05）. Conclusion CYP3A5*3 gene polymorphism detection can effectively guide the application of tacrolimus in IMN patients,optimize drug dosage,improve efficacy,reduce adverse reactions,and provide important reference for personalized treatment.

Objective To systematically review the influencing factors of caring dependence in stroke patients, so as to provide a scientific basis for reducing caring dependence and improving the quality of life of stroke patients. Methods The literature on influencing factors of caring dependence in stroke patients from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, CINAHL, Pubmed and other Chinese and foreign databases were searched from their inception to 30^th July 2023. Literature screening strictly followed the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and two researchers independently extracted data and evaluated the quality of the included literature. The research was analyzed by Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 14.0. Results A total of 9 studies involving 2362 subjects were included. The AHRQ quality assessment scores of the papers ranged from 6 to 9. The results of the meta-analysis showed that age, limb dysfunction, coexisting with other chronic diseases, degree of depression, cognitive dysfunction, and rehabilitation self-efficacy were the main influencing factors of caring dependence of stroke patients. Conclusions Caring dependence is common in stroke patients, but the level is inconsistent, and there are many influencing factors involved. High-risk groups should be identified as soon as possible and targeted nursing intervention should be carried out.

Objective To study BRAF gene mutation in patiens with fine needle aspiration (FNA), and the clinical value of fine needle aspiration-combined with BRAF V600E gene detection in diagnosing the thyroid and BRAF combined detection in diagnosing the benign and malignant nature of nodules. Methods The date of499 patients with thyroid nodules performed cytological test by FNA in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University(Xiamen Branch) from January 2022 to May 2024 were collected. The BRAF gene was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the BRAF(V600E) mutation was analyzed in 499 patients. Results Out of 449 patients, 255 tested positive for the BRAF(V600E) mutation, resulting in an overall positivity rate of 56.79%. Among them, the positivity rate among male patients was 71.82%, while that among female patients was 54.57%. Within the cohort of 255 BRAF(V600E) mutation-positive patients, cytology examination indicated malignant tumors in 54.12% of cases, Suspicious for malignancys in 30.20% of cases, and Atypia of undetermined significance in 13.33% of cases. Additionally, 1.57% of specimens were either Nondiagnostic; only a small proportion (0.39%) exhibited in Patients with follicular tumors/suspected follicular tumors or benign lesions.In this study, 170 patients was administered surgical treatment at our hospital. The postoperative pathological examination of BRAF(V600E) mutation-positive nodular puncture patients showed that the specific pathological type was papillary carcinoma,and the specificity was 100%. Conclusions BRAF (V600E) mutation detection plays a crucial role in in diagnosing the benign and malignant nature of nodules, complementing fine-needle aspiration cytology examination. The combination of these two methods can significantly improve the diagnostic specificity against benign and malignant thyroid nodules, thereby help patients develop a more precise treatment plan.

Sarcopenia is an age-related disease that brings numerous adverse consequences to patients and imposes an economic burden on society. The gut-muscle axis, serving as a bridge between intestinal flora and muscle, holds the potential for treating sarcopenia. However, its mechanism remains unclear, and the effect of intervention on sarcopenia is still far from ideal. Therefore, this paper reviews the correlation between the gut-muscle axis and sarcopenia, the involvement of the gut-muscle axis in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, and the intervention of the gut-muscle axis on sarcopenia. The results demonstrate that intestinal flora can influence muscle quality and function through protein synthesis and decomposition, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and chronic low-grade inflammation, among others. Moreover, the combination of exercise and drugs, particularly in combination with intestinal flora butyrate, can yield a better therapeutic outcome for sarcopenia.

Objective To analyze the effect of Meropenem infusion at different time in the treatment of elderly sepsis and its preventive effect on acute kidney injury. Methods 60 patients with sepsis admitted to our hospital from October 2022 to March 2024 were randomly divided into two groups,30 cases in the observation group and 30 cases in the control group;The control group was infused with Meropenem within 30 minutes,and the observation group was infused with Meropenem within 3 hours. The differences of oxidative stress,inflammatory indexes and renal function injury indexes between the two groups were compared. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P>0.05);Before treatment,there was no significant difference in renal function injury between the two groups (P>0.05);After treatment,the renal function indexes of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P>0.05);There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Extending Meropenem in the treatment of elderly sepsis to 3 hours can improve the curative efficacy and safety.

Objective To construct risk prediction and evaluation indicators of deep vein thrombosis after joint replacement,and provide basis for prevention and evaluation of deep vein thrombosis. Methods To determine the risk prediction index system of deep vein thrombosis after joint replacement through literature review and Delphi expert consultation. Results This study conducted a total of two rounds of expert inquiry,with an effective response rate of 100%. The authority coefficients of the two rounds of expert inquiry were 0.84 and 0.86 respectively,and Kendall's W values were 0.337 and 0.252. The final risk prediction index system of deep vein thrombosis after joint replacement includes 5 first level indicators and 28 second level indicators. Conclusion The risk prediction index system of deep vein thrombosis after joint replacement is highly scientific and practical,which can provide a reliable basis for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in patients after joint replacement.

Objective To analyze the effect of single-port thoracoscopic lobectomy (VATS) in treating elderly patients with lung cancer． Methods The data of 94 cases of elderly patients with lung cancer admitted to our hospital (from June 2022 to August 2024) were collected and retrospective analysed,which were divided into the control group (47 cases) and the observation group (47 cases) according to the differences in surgical protocols;Patients in the control group were treated with the traditional multi-hole VATS,and patients in the observation group were treated with the single-hole VATS;The surgical-related indexes and the complication rates of the two groups were compared,and the effect of single-hole thoracoscopic lobectomy (VATS) on elderly patients with lung cancer in the postoperative period were analyzed．The pain degree of the two groups was compared at different time points (6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h) after surgery by visual analog scale (VAS);Before and 1 d after surgery,the inflammatory indexes [C-reactive protein (CRP),interleukin-6 (IL-6),serum amyloid A (SAA)],and immune function [immunoglobulin (Ig) G (IgG),IgA,IgM] of the two groups were compared． Results Compared with the control group,the observation group had less intraoperative bleeding and shorter hospitalization time (P<0.05),also had lower VAS scores at different postoperative time points (P<0.05),At 1d postoperatively,the levels of CRP,IL-6,and SAA were increased in both groups,but they were lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05),meanwhile,the levels of IgG,IgA,and IgM in both groups were decreased,but they were higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05);There was no statistical difference in the surgical time,the number of lymph node dissection and complications between the two groups (P>0.05)． Conclusion Single-port VATS treatment for elderly patients with lung cancer is more conducive to reducing the degree of surgical pain,decreasing the amount of bleeding,reducing the inflammatory reaction caused by surgery and the damage of immune function,and promoting the recovery of patients．

Objective To construct the entry standards and job competency evaluation index system of online appointment nurse, providing reference for the selection and evaluation of online appointment nurse. Methods Based on the theory of competency iceberg, the evaluation index system was formulated by using the methods of literature research, group discussion, and Delphi expert inquiry. The weights of each index were determined by the analytic hierarchy process. Results Two rounds of expert inquiry were conducted, with positive coefficients of 100% for both rounds. The authority coefficients were 0.83 and 0.84, the consistency coefficients were 0.214 and 0.256, Finally a competency evaluation index system for online appointment nurse was constructed, including 4 entry standards, 4 first-level indicators, 12 second-level indicators, and 47 third-level indicators. Conclusion The construction of the entry standards and job competency evaluation index system for online appointment nurse is scientific and reliable, providing reference for the entry, training, and evaluation of internet-based nursing appointment in China.

Objective To explore the high-risk factors affecting the occurrence of acute kidney injury in patients with sepsis,and to target and analyse protective measures. Methods We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 84 sepsis patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University from June 2022 to June 2024,and classified them into occurrence group and non-occurrence group according to the occurrence of acute kidney injury,and collected general data such as patients' gender,age,mechanical ventilation,history of smoking,history of alcohol consumption,history of chronic renal disease,comorbid malnutrition,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Condition Scoring System II score ( APACHE II) score,cystatin level and other general information to carry out logistic regression analysis to analyse the high-risk factors affecting the occurrence of acute kidney injury in sepsis patients. Results Among 84 patients with sepsis,28 cases of acute kidney injury occurred,with an incidence rate of 33.33%. Univariate factors showed no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of gender,age,mechanical ventilation,smoking history,alcohol consumption history,and combined diabetes mellitus (P>0.05);statistically significant differences were found in the two groups in terms of combined lung infections,combined hyperlactatemia,history of chronic renal disease,combined malnutrition,APACHE II scores,cystatin levels,and other general information. cystatin levels were statistically different (P<0.05);combined lung infection,combined hyperlactatemia,history of chronic kidney disease,combined malnutrition,APACHE II score≥ 18,and cystatin≥2 mg/L were all high-risk factors for the occurrence of acute kidney injury in patients with sepsis (P<0.05). Conclusion Acute kidney injury in patients with sepsis is associated with combined lung infection,combined hyperlactatemia,history of chronic kidney disease,combined malnutrition,APACHE II score,and cystatin level. The clinic needs to take protective measures accordingly to reduce the risk of acute kidney injury.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of vitamin D (VD) supplementation and height growth in prepubescent children. Method 330 prepubescent children who underwent height promotion at Jinjiang Hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected and divided into three groups based on their VD levels: sufficient group, insufficient group, and deficient group, with 110 cases in each group. According to the guidelines, the sufficient group should be given 400 units of VD orally per day, the insufficient group should be given 800 units of VD orally per day, and the deficient group should be given 2000 units of VD orally per day for 3 months before switching to 800 units of VD orally per day. Record the height, weight, rate of motor dysfunction, rate of short stature, bone density, and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] of the enrolled subjects. The results showed that before treatment, the height, weight, and bone density of the sufficient group were higher than those of the insufficient group and the deficient group, while the rates of motor dysfunction and short stature were lower than those of the insufficient group and the deficient group. However, the height, weight, and bone density of the insufficient group were higher than those of the deficient group, while the rates of motor dysfunction and short stature were lower than those of the deficient group, with statistical differences (P<0.05); There was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in height, weight, 25 (OH) D, bone density, and rates of motor dysfunction and short stature among the three groups after VD supplementation. Conclusion VD supplementation in prepubescent children can effectively promote height growth, increase weight, improve bone density, and reduce the rates of motor dysfunction and short stature.

With the rapid development of global medical technology and the constant change of medical environment, medical education faces unprecedented challenges and opportunities. Especially in the field of anesthesiology, with the increase of the complexity of surgery and the diversification of patient needs, higher requirements are placed for the professional skills and comprehensive qualities of anesthesiologists. Therefore, the reform of medical education is imperative,Particularly, the ability-oriented training mode has become an important development trend of master's education in anesthesiology because it can effectively improve their clinical practice ability and the ability to adapt to the future medical needs. This paper aims to explore how to construct and implement a competency-oriented clinical skills training model to enhance clinical competence through in-depth analysis and review of the existing literature. By comparing and analyzing the training models in different countries and summarizing the successful cases and challenges, this paper will provide scientific basis and practical guidance for the reform of anesthesiology education, and help to cultivate more anesthesiology professionals with high-level clinical skills and professional qualities, so as to meet the growing demand for medical and health services.

Objective To summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics and Chinese medicine syndrome characteristics of Brucellosis in order to provide basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical data of 456 Brucellosis patients admitted from Shandong Public Health Clinical Center from October 2020 to May 2023,including epidemiology,clinical symptoms,signs and related laboratory tests,were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results Among the 456 cases,315 were males and 141 were females. The average age was (48.77±15.58）years,the minimum was 4 months and 2 days,and the maximum was 81 years. The common clinical symptoms are fever with joint pain,sweating,and fatigue,which belong to the category of epidemic diseases in Traditional Chinese medicine,and the main causative factors are dampness and heat,which can also be combined with wind,phlegm and stasis,and for a long time,it will consume qi,blood,yin and yang,and liver and kidney deficiency will be the mainstay. Conclusion In the treatment of Brucellosis in Traditional Chinese medicine,the clinical effect is remarkable,which is for reference.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinicopathologic significance of TBK1 in colorectal cancer. Methods A retrospective study was conducted among 80 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent radical resection in the hospital from March 2022 to February 2024. The expression of TBK1 in cancerous tissues and adjacent normal tissues was detected by immunohis to chemical staining. The relationship between TBK1 expression and clinicopathological factors in colorectal cancer was analized. Results The positive rates of TBK1 expression in cancerous tissues and adjacent normal tissues of the 80 patients with colorectal cancer were 78.75% (63/80) and 6.00% (5/80) respectively,which had statistically significant difference (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in TBK1 expression between patients of different gender and different age (P>0.05),but there were statistically significant differences between patients in TNM stages,differentiation degrees,lymph node metastasis and depth of infiltration (P<0.05). Conclusion TBK1 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and correlated with TNM staging and differentiation degree,which suggests that TBK1 may play an important role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer.

Objective By examining the changes of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and tumor markers indexes before and after immunotherapy for advanced and recurrent cervical cancer, the correlation with therapeutic effect and prognosis was evaluated. Methods Fifty patients with advanced and recurrent cervical cancer who received first-line immunotherapy combined with chemoradiotherapy in Qingdao Central Hospital and partner hospitals from August 2022 to August 2024 were prospectively included. Detect the baseline level of patients before treatment and the expression rate of T lymphocyte subsets and Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) in 1 cycle after treatment. Combined with tumor markers squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), the influencing factors of efficacy were analyzed by Logistic regression. Cox regression was used to investigate the prognostic factors. Results Logistic regression showed that baseline CD4⁺T cell percentage, CD8⁺T cell percentage, CA125 and SCC, CD4⁺PD-1 and CD8⁺PD-1 expression rate after 1 cycle of treatment were the influencing factors of curative effect (P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that the percentage of baseline CD4⁺T cells, the percentage of CD4⁺T cells and CD8⁺T cells, the expression rate of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺PD-1, CA125 and SCC were prognostic factors. Conclusion The high percentage of CD4⁺T cells at baseline, the high percentage of CD4⁺T cells and CD8⁺T cells, the low expression rate of CD4⁺PD-1 and CD8⁺PD-1, and the low level of CA125 and SCC after 1 cycle of treatment may be favorable factors for patients to benefit from immunotherapy.

Objective To summarize the application of domestic disposable electronic ureteroscope in the primary treatment of renal or upper ureteral calculi. Methods From September to November 2022, clinical data from 100 patients with renal or upper ureteral stones treated at the Urology Department of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital were collected. These patients were treated with domestically produced disposable electronic flexible ureteroscopes. The analysis included surgical time, stone fragmentation time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative stone clearance rate, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, Comfort Criteria Scale (BCS) score, and complications. The ureteral soft lens sheath of F11hammer 13 or F12Compact 14 was implanted during the operation, and 365 μ m laser optical fiber combined with holmium laser lithotripsy was used. Double J tubes and urinary catheterization were routinely placed after operation. Results Lithotripsy was successfully completed in 94 patients, and ureteral stent was retained in 6 patients because ureteral stricture could not be inserted into ureteroscope sheath and lithotripsy failure. Operation time was 30~80min(48.02±12.53)min; holmium laser lithotripsy time was 18~65min (37.54 ±9.83) min; postoperative hospital stayed 1 to 6 d(2.24 ±0.94) d, postoperative infection in 2 cases (2.0%), VAS score was (1.86 ±1.05), BCS score was (1.74 ±0.44), The stone clearance rate was 85.1% (80/94) one month after surgery and 96.8% (91/94) three months after surgery. One patient with renal calculi appeared "stone street" after operation. In 2 patients, the infrarenal calyx neck was slender and the IPA angle was small,so soft lens could not completely enteredand lithotripsy failure. Conclusion Domestic disposable electronic ureteroscope is a minimally invasive, safe and effective method for one-stage treatment of renal and upper ureteral calculi (diameter < 2cm).

Objective To explore the correlation analysis and predictive value of perimenopausal women's sex hormone level and osteoporosis. Methods Seventy cases of perimenopausal women with osteoporosis who came to our hospital from February 2023 to August 2024 were selected as the study group, and 70 cases of perimenopausal healthy women who came to our hospital for physical examination in the same time period were selected as the control group. Sex hormones [estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH)], bone metabolism indexes [N-terminal pro-peptide of pre-collagen type I (PINP), N-terminal osteocalcin (N-MID), and β-collagen degradation products (β-CTX)], and bone mineral density (BMD) levels were compared between the two groups. The correlation between sex hormone levels and osteoporosis was analyzed. Working characteristic curves of the subjects were plotted to assess the predictive efficacy of sex hormone levels for osteoporosis. Results Compared with the control group, the study group had lower levels of serum E2, lumbar spine BMD, femoral neck BMD, and hip BMD, and higher levels of FSH, PINP, N-MID, and β-CTX. Serum E2 was negatively correlated with the levels of PINP, N-MID, and β-CTX (r=-0.341, -0.470, and -0.538, all P<0.001), and positively correlated with the levels of lumbar BMD, femoral neck BMD, and hip BMD (r=0.579, 0.527, and 0.522, all P<0.001). Serum FSH was positively correlated with the levels of PINP, N-MID, and β-CTX (r=0.361, 0.368, 0.522, all P<0.001), and negatively correlated with the levels of lumbar BMD, femoral neck BMD, and hip BMD (r=-0.536, -0.552, and -0.541, all P<0.001). The AUCs of serum E2, FSH and their combination for predicting osteoporosis in perimenopausal women were 0.890, 0.894, and 0.960, with 95% CIs of 0.826~0.936, 0.831~0.940, and 0.912~0.986, respectively, with sensitivities of 84.29%, 80.00%, and 91.43%, and specificities of 78.57%, 82.86%, and 92.86%, respectively. Conclusion Sexual E2 and FSH levels in perimenopausal women are closely related to the occurrence of osteoporosis, and the combination of the two is highly effective in predicting osteoporosis, which has good clinical application value.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and postoperative recovery of posterior ankle fixation with supporting splints and hollow tension screws in the treatment of triple ankle fractures. Methods This paper retrospectively analysed the data of 106 patients with triple ankle fracture admitted to our hospital between June 2021 and June 2023,50 patients treated with supportive bone grafting plate were in the supportive plate group,and 56 patients fixed with hollow tension screws were in the hollow nail group. The operation、 recovery-related indexes and the ocurrence of complications were compared between the two groups. Postoperative pain level and recovery of ankle function in these patients were evaluated by VAS and AOFAS scoring systems. Results The healing time of posterior ankle fracture was significantly shorter in the braced plate group than in the hollow nail group (P<0.05);at 6 months after surgery,the VAS score and AOFAS score of the patients in the braced plate group were better than those in the hollow nail group (P<0.05),which indicated that braced splint fixation was more conducive to the recovery of the patients;at 6 months after surgery,the incidence of the total complication rate in the braced plate fixation group was 12.00%,while that in the hollow nail group The total complication rate was 8.93%,and there was no significant statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Supported splint and hollow tension screw fixation in the posterior-lateral approach are commonly used fixation Methods in the treatment of triple ankle fractures. Although both Methods can achieve good clinical Results,braced splint fixation shows higher stability and superiority when dealing with more complex posterior ankle fractures,which helps patients to start functional exercises in the early postoperative period,thus accelerating the rehabilitation process.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of pulmonary surfactant (PS) with intermittent positive nasal pressure ventilation (NIPPV), warmed and humidified high-flow positive nasal pressure ventilation (HHFNC) and nasal pronged continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Methods A total of 90 preterm infants with NRDS curatived to our hospital from May 2022 to May 2024 were selected as the study subjects, and they were divided evenly into three groups according to the random number table method. The NIPPV group was treated with NIPPV, the HHFNC group was treated with HHFNC, and the NCPAP group was treated with NCPAP. Blood gas indexes, oxygen therapy, invasive ventilation and complications were compared between the three groups. Results There was no significant difference in blood gas indexes between the three groups at 0 h and 48 h (P>0.05), PaO₂ and PaO₂/FiO₂ in the NIPPV group were higher than those in the HHFNC group and NCPAP group at 12 h, PaCO₂ was lower than that in the control group, PaO₂ and PaO₂/FiO₂ were higher and PaCO₂ were lower in the NIPPV group and HHFNC group than those in the NCPAP group at 24 h (P<0.05). The duration of non-invasive ventilation was statistically shorter than that of the HHFNC group and the NCPAP group (P<0.05), and the rate of invasive ventilation and complications in the NIPPV group and HHFNC group were lower than those in the NCPAP group (P<0.05). Conclusion NIPPV treatment of NRDS can improve blood gas indexes faster, shorten the duration of oxygen therapy and non-invasive ventilation, and reduce the rate of invasive ventilation, which is safe and reliable.